Chem -2101: Chemical Thermodynamics

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Second

Term: I

Rationale:

This course will give an overview of the mathematical relation between thermodynamic properties and equilibrium of different system.

Course Objectives:

·         To provide the basic concepts of thermodynamics and equilibrium conditions

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       describe and use the concepts of internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy and chemical potential

2.       analyze chemical equilibria in ideal and non-ideal systems

3.       use the theoretical work in different chemical systems

4.       apply the first law of thermodynamics on closed and control volume systems

5.       implement second law of thermodynamics and entropy concepts in analyzing the heat engines and refrigerators

Section – A

1.       Introduction: Systems and surroundings, state and state functions, work, energy, and heat; the first law: statement and formulation; derivation of expression for expansion work and its application at different conditions; reversibility and maximum work; the enthalpy of a system, heat capacity, dependence of state functions on variables.

2.       Thermo Chemistry: Energy changes in chemical reactions, heat of reaction, enthalpy; standard states, standard enthalpy changes (enthalpy of ionization, enthalpy of neutralization, enthalpy of a reaction, enthalpy of vaporization); heat of combustion, heat of solution, integral heat.

3.       Thermo Chemical Equations: Hess’s law of heat summation; heat of formation, thermo neutrality of salt solution; heat of neutralization of acids and bases; heat of formation of ions, heat of reaction from bond enthalpies; variation of heat of reaction with temperature: Kirchhoff equation.

4.       Second Law of Thermodynamics: Spontaneous process and reversible process; second law: statement; heat engine, Carnot cycle, application of Carnot cycle.

Section – B

5.       The Third Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy, entropy change in isolated systems; dependence of entropy on variables of a system; entropy change in ideal gases; entropy change in physical transformation; entropy change in chemical reactions, evaluation of absolute entropies; use of absolute entropies.

6.       Free Energy: The Gibbs energy and the Helmholtz energy, properties and significance of Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; Gibbs energy and reversible work; Maxwell relation, thermodynamic equation of states, mathematical relationship between different thermodynamic quantities, Gibbs-Helmoltz equation, dependence of free energy on pressure and temperature.

7.       Chemical Potential: Fugacity, activity, activity coefficient, Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, chemical potential of a substance in pure state and in a mixture; thermodynamic limitations to energy conversion (refrigeration and liquefaction, heat pumps, chemical conversion).

8.       Thermodynamic Equilibrium Constant: Equilibrium constant from thermal data; Ellingham’s diagram; ATP –the carrier of energy; thermodynamics of solution.

Chem -2207: Analytical Chemistry-I

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Second

Term: I

Rationale:

This course will provide the practical demonstration of experimental techniques of determining physical parameters matter.

Course Objectives:

·         To teach analytical concepts and techniques to solve practical analytical problems, which provides the quality to pursue the career related to chemical analysis

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       follow the proper procedures and regulations for safe handling and use of chemicals

2.       understand on the working principle of different analytical techniques and recognize their advantages and limitations

3.       apply statistical methods to assess analytical measurement data quality and interpret their significance, validate analytical methods and results

4.       integrate different analytical techniques to solve analytical problems

5.       communicate scientific information clearly and accurately, both in oral and in written forms

Section – A

1.       Introduction of Analytical Chemistry: Definition and scope of analytical chemistry, chemical analysis, types of analysis, classification of basic instrumental methods of chemical analysis, requirements for the suitability of a reaction, completeness of a chemical reaction, micro chemical units used in analytical chemistry. 

2.       Evaluation of Analytical Data: Definition of terms: mean, median, precision, accuracy, determinate errors and their correction, indeterminate errors, normal error curve and its properties, standard deviation, confidence level, test of significance (t & F tests), rejection of data (Q test), sensitivity, detection limit, least square analysis of data. 

3.       Stoichiometric Calculation:  Definition of terms: mole, molarity, molality, normality, density and their chemical calculations, volumetric analysis and its calculations.

4.       Some Theoretical Principles of Analytical Chemistry: The dissociation theory, common ion effect, solubility product, effect of acidity on solubility of precipitates, condition for precipitations, order of precipitations, condition for solution, diverse ion effect, thermo gravimetric method of analysis: TGA, DTA, DSC, & DTG analysis of a typical sample.  

Section – B

5.       Acid-base Titration: Neutralization indicators; neutralization curve: neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base, neutralization of a weak acid with a strong base, neutralization of a strong acid with a weak base, neutralization of a weak acid with a weak base; neutralization of a polyprotic acids with strong base; choice of indicators in neutralization reactions; titration in non-aqueous solvents; indicators for non-aqueous titration.

6.       Complexation Titration: Complexes in analytical chemistry, a simple complexation titration, titration curve; types of EDTA titration; titration of mixtures, selectivity, masking and demasking agents; metal ion indicators; detection of end point.

7.       Oxidation-Reduction Titration: Titration curve; change of the electrode potential during redox titration; redox indicator, titration curve, detection of end point in oxidation-reduction titrations.

8.       Gravimetric Analysis:  General principles of gravimetric analysis; steps in gravimetric analysis, the colloidal state; super saturation, precipitation method; types ,properties and formation of precipitates, precipitating reagents, precipitation reactions and titrations; determination of end points in precipitation titration, the purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation, post precipitation, digestion, washing and drying of precipitate.

Chem -2208: Analytical Chemistry Sessional-I

Credit Hour: 01

Year: Second

Term: I

Rationale:

The course will provide the practical demonstration of experimental techniques and application of statistical analytical concepts.

Course Objectives:

·         To implement analytical concepts and techniques to solve practical analytical problems, which provides the quality to pursue the career related to chemical analysis

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       identify the important analytical issues to be considered during analysis

2.       perform writing to represent scientific information clearly and accurately, both in oral and in written forms

1.       Determination of total alkalinity of soda ash.

2.       Determination of water hardness with EDTA.

3.       Determination of chloride in a soluble chloride: Fajann’s method

4.       Analysis of commercial hypochlorite or peroxide solution by iodometric titration

5.       pH titration of soda ash

6.       Determination of the amount of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in a given sample using a standard dichromate solution.

Chem -3103: Coordination Chemistry

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Third

Term: I

Rationale:

The course is primarily designed for depth introduction with vast subfield of the discipline dealing with coordination compounds.

Course Objectives:

·         To introduce chemical bonding, electronic, magnetic, and structural features exhibited by inorganic and coordination compounds and their reactivity

·         To initiate modern concepts including symmetry and their relevance in solving chemical problems

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       Categorize coordination compounds

2.       Relate valence bond theory and hybridization

3.       Consider effective atomic number theory and Werner complexes

4.       Describe and explain the bonding in d-metal complexes using crystal field and ligand field theories and the 18 electron rule

5.       clarify the stability of d-metal complexes, their reactivity

6.       Explain bonding in complexes using molecular orbital theory and the combination of atomic orbital

Section – A

1.       Introduction: Scope of coordination chemistry, double salts and coordination compounds, ligands and their types, coordination number, nomenclature of coordination compounds.

2.       Structural Theories of Complex Compounds: Werner’s theory and its limitations and applications, Sidgwick’s electronic theory and its limitations and applications, valence bond theory and its limitations and applications.

3.       Stereochemistry of the Coordination Compounds: Structural isomerism; geometrical isomerism, optical isomerism, determination of configurations of cis-trans-isomer, stereochemistry of 4-coordinated complex, stereochemistry of 6-coordinated complex.

4.       Stability of Complexes: Factors influencing the stability of complexes, stability constant, effect of ligand on the stability of complexes.

Section – B

5.       Crystal Field Theory: Crystal field theory, crystal field splitting, crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), high spin  and  low spin  complexes.

6.       Non-octahedral symmetry: Tetrahedral symmetry, tetragonal symmetry and square planner  symmetry, pairing  energies, factors influencing ligand field splitting, spectrochemical series, measurement of 10Dq.

7.       Stereochemical Distortions of Complexes: Jahn-Teller effects and limitations of Jahn-Teller theory, general effects of orbital splitting on the properties of complexes, Magnetism, limitations of CFT.

8.       Molecular Orbital  Theory: Basic principles, s-bonding and p-bonding in octahedral complexes, effects  of  p-bonding, MOT in  tetrahedral and square planar complexes, limitations  of  MOT, comparison of different approaches to bonding in coordination  compounds.

Chem -3104: Inorganic Synthesis Sessional –I

Credit Hour: 01

Year: Third

Term: I

Rationale:

This course will provide practical knowledge and skills in the synthesis and characterization of the corresponding simple and complex inorganic compounds.

Course Objectives:

·         To introduce knowledge about modern synthesis of the inorganic complex compounds and the application of various physical methods for their characterization

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       demonstrate a competency and proficiency with experimental skills involved in chemical synthesis, instrumental methods, quantitative measurements and statistical data analysis

2.       explain key concepts of inorganic and coordination chemistry including those related to synthesis, reaction chemistry, and structure and bonding

3.       write and present formal laboratory reports on the results of chemical experiments

1.       Synthesis of   [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄   from CuSO₄.5H₂O and determination of the percentage       of yield.

2.       Preparation of Ni(II) complexes with 0-amino benzoic acid from Ni(II) solution.  Determination of pecntage of yield and investigating its infrared spectrum.

3.        Synthesis of nickeldimethylglyoxamate [Ni(DMGH)₂] from  Ni²⁺ solution and   investigating its infrared spectrum.

Chem -3201: Organometallic Chemistry

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Third

Term: II

Rationale:

This course aims to give a thorough introduction to organometallic chemistry with focus on the transition metals with fundamental molecular properties and gradually develops this into practical applied catalysis.

Course Objectives:

·         To familiarize the general properties, synthesis, structure and bonding of organometallic compounds

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       recognize organometallic ligands and compounds

2.       demonstrate knowledge and understanding in bonding, structure and reactivities of main group and transition metal organometallics, especially in transition metal clusters, metal alkyls

3.       understand fundamental reaction types and mechanisms and how to combine these to understand efficient catalytic processes

4.       illustrate the characteristic properties of metal complexes in terms of their structures and explain the basic concepts on metal clusters

Section – A

1.       Introduction to Organometallic Chemistry: Historical background, classification of organometallic compounds by bond type, difference between main groups and transition metal organometallics, the stability of organic compounds.

2.       Preparation of Organometallic Compounds: The direct reaction: mechanistic consideration, reactions of organometallic reagents with metal halides, free metals, organic halides, and unsaturated compounds, electrochemical methods.

3.       Structure and Bonding: Structure and bonding of metal carbonyl, metal nitrosyls and metal phosphines, synthesis and reactions, metal alkyl complexes: structure, stability, synthesis and reactivity.

4.       Transition Metal Organometallics: Classification of organic ligands, 18-electron rule & its basis, applications and exceptions, catalytic reactions and the 16/18 VE rule. 

Section – B

5.       Chemistry of Iron Group Metallocenes: Preparation, structure and bonding, properties, reactions, comparative reactivities of ferrocene, mechanism of electrophilic substitution, mechanism of the arylation reaction.

6.       Stoichiometric Reactions of Transition Metal Organometallics: oxidative addition (reaction with hydrogens and protons), reductive elimination (reaction forming carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds) and insertion reactions.

7.       Catalytic Reactions of Transition Metal Organometalics: Water gas shift reaction,  arylation /vinylation of olefins (Heck Reaction), alkene metathesis, oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene and propylene, olefin oxidation (Waker process), hydrogenation of alkenes,  hydroformylation (oxo reaction), Fisher-Tropch synthesis.

8.       Metal -Metal Bonds and Cluster : Formation and criteria of metal-metal bond cluster, synthesis, structure and reactivity of osmium, ruthenium and iron cluster, electron count, structure and isolobal analogies, di-nuclear clusters, tri-nuclear clusters and higher nuclear clusters.

Chem -3202: Inorganic Synthesis Sessional –II

Credit Hour: 01

Year: Third

Term: II

Rationale:

This course will provide practical knowledge and skills in the synthesis and characterization of the corresponding simple and complex inorganic compounds.

Course Objectives:

·         To introduce the knowledge about modern synthesis of the inorganic complex compounds

·         To familiarize the applications of various physical methods for their characterization

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       demonstrate a competency and proficiency with experimental skills involved in chemical synthesis, instrumental methods, quantitative measurements and statistical data analysis

2.       concept of gravimetric analysis including experimental aspects of this type of analysis and the use of gravimetric factor in calculations

3.       know advanced laboratory procedures used in inorganic synthesis including spectroscopic and analytical techniques for identification and characterization of small molecules

4.       demonstrate practical knowledge and skills in the synthesis and characterization of the corresponding simple and complex inorganic compounds

5.       write and present formal laboratory reports on the results of chemical experiments

1.       Preparation of cis- and trans-potassium dioxalatodiaquachromate(III).

2.       The preparation of tris (acetylacetonato) manganese (III) and comparison of its IR spectra with that of the ligand.

3.       Preparation of Al³⁺ and Cu²⁺ complexes with acetylacetone and comparison by IR spectra.

4.       Separate Copper and estimate nickel gravimetrically as Nickeldimethylglyoximate.

5.       Separate Copper and estimate zinc gravimetrically as zincammoniumphosphate.

6.       Determine of Zinc by direct titration using Eriochrome-Black T as indicator using EDTA.

7.       Determination of nickel by direct titration using   mureoxide as indicator using EDTA.

Chem -3207:  Industrial Chemistry

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Third

Term: II

Rationale:

This course will deal with commercial production of chemicals and related products from natural or synthesis raw materials and their derivatives.

Course Objectives:

·         To provide students with general knowledge about some selected topics in industrial processes

·         To develop the ability to apply their knowledge and skills in the solution of theoretical and practical problems in industrial chemistry

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students  will be able to-

1.       describe the industrial operation of chemical industry

2.       categorize various raw materials for individual chemical industry and design raw material for good products

3.       recognize and implement good production knowledge on sugar, pulp and paper, soaps, glass cement, fertilizer industries

4.       evaluate the range of career options  available to chemists in chemical industry

Section – A

1.       General considerations in the development of Chemical Industry:Fundamental considerations in the development of a chemical industry; environmental considerations, site and technology selection criteria; raw materials, process design  etc; unit operations and unit processes; future prospect of different types of chemical industries in Bangladesh.

2.       Sugar Industry: Raw materials manufacture of sugar cane and beet sugar; composition of sugar cane, manufacturing process of sugar from sugar cane; refining of raw sugar, by products of sugar industries and their utilization.

3.       Pulp and Paper Industry: Sources and structure of cellulose, raw materials of pulp, classification of pulp, manufacture of different types of pulp, physical and chemical process involved in it; chemicals recovery systems, bleaching of pulp, manufacture of paper from pulp; characterization of papers, utilization of by products of pulp and paper industries; manufacture of paper board

4.       Soaps and Detergents: Soap: definition, raw materials, manufacture of different types of soaps; recovery of glycerin from spent lye; cleaning action of soap; phenomena involved in the improvement of soapy character; detergents: definition, different types of detergents and their functions; production of detergents and physico-chemical operations; quality comparison with soaps.

Section – B

5.       Glass and Ceramic Industries: Definition of glass and ceramics; classification of glass, physical and chemical properties of glass; raw materials, manufacturing methods of glass; some special glass and their properties; refractory’s, heavy clay product.

6.       Cement Industries: Composition, properties and uses; different types of cements, manufacture of cement by different methods; setting and hardening of cement; testing of cement. 

7.       Acids, Alkalis, Chlorines and Allied Chemicals: Manufacture of hydrochloric acid. phosphoric acid; sulphuric acid and their industrial uses; manufacture of caustic soda and chlorine; soda ash ,sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, bleaching powder, importance of alkali; chlorine and allied chemicals in different industries.

8.       Fertilizers Industries: Classification of fertilizers; nitrogen fixation; manufacture of ammonia, urea, superphosphate, SSP, TSP, ammonium sulphate; manufacture of potash fertilizers; N.P. K fertilizers, role of fertilizers in agriculture.

Chem -3208:   Industrial Chemistry Sessional and

Field Visit

Credit Hour: 02

Year: Third

Term: II

Rationale:

This course will provide a practical knowledge about industrial production.

Course Objectives:

·         To give the practical demonstration on the different raw materials, products and production procedure

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students  will be able to-

1.       explain the importance and roles of route selection, process economics and process optimization in chemical processing

2.       evaluate environmental issues pertaining to the chemical industry

3.       identify commercially important materials for chemical industries

4.       describe chemic al properties, methods of preparation/ purification of these materials

1. Analysis of different raw materials and products. 

2. Industrial tour would be carried out and submission of tour report.

Chem -4201: Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Chemistry

Credit Hour: 03

Year: Fourth

Term: II

Rationale:

This course will provide an introduction to the microscopic formulation of thermal physics, generally known as statistical mechanics, quantum chemical principles and the necessary mathematical techniques for atomic molecular modeling.

Course Objectives:

·         To provide fundamental understanding of the quantum chemical description of atoms and molecules

·         To develop the ability to calculate the microscopic significance of thermodynamic parameters

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

Course Content

At the end of the course the students will be able to-

1.       construct the electronic and total Hamiltonian operators for any molecule and explain the meaning of each part

2.       judge the applicability of the Hartree-Fock methods for calculations on atomic and molecular systems

3.       understand the concepts of microstate and macrostate of a model system

4.       apply the Boltzmann distribution and the role of the partition function in different types of microstates

5.       use the Fermi-Dirac distribution to the calculation of thermal properties of electrons in metals

Section – A

1.       Development of Quantum Mechanics: Black body radiation; photoelectric effect; Eigen values and eigen functions; normalization of wave function; orthogonality and completeness of the wave function; operators.

2.       Application of Quantum Mechanics: Particle in one dimensional box; electron in a ring; wave function of harmonic oscillator; significance of Φ(φ), Θ(θ) and R(r) equation; quantum numbers and total energy of an orbital; spaces wave function and radial distribution curves.

3.       Quantum Mechanics for Many Electron Systems:  Approximation method; the variation and perturbation method. Born-Oppenhemer approximation; the antisymetry principle; Hartree-Fock equation; one Electron Integral; two electron integral; interpretation of determinantal  energies; Coulomb and exchange operators; Fock operators; introduction to basis of the Roothan equations; The SCF procedure.

Section – B

4.       Introduction to Statistical Mechanics: Probability and Thermodynamic Probability, Probability distribution of particles in energy states; most probable distribution, entropy and number of eigen states; Derivation of Maxwell- Boltzman Distribution.

5.       Partition Function: Definition and physical significance of partition function; separation of partition function; translational, rotational, vibrational, electronic and total partition functions; molar partition functions, the entropy of mixing.

6.       Application of Partition Functions: Monoatomic and diatomic molecules; relationship between partition functions and thermodynamic functions; statistical expression for equilibrium constant; equipartition of energy.

7.       Quantum Statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics; Bose-Einstein statistic; Fermi-Dirac statistics; electron gas theory in metals; specific heat of solids; Einstein and Debye theory of specific heat.