Mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of urban green space in Khulna City

The third largest city after Dhaka and Chittagong, is Khulna in Bangladesh. Besides, Khulna’s

economy is the third-largest in Bangladesh. At present time the city is increasingly experiencing

climate change induced urban problems for increasing population like other cities of the world. As

Khulna is the most vulnerable climatic region in the country, to mitigate climate change it is urgent

to measure its green spaces distribution and changes over time for better planning.

UGSs are a vital part of urban ecosystems that can assist both the environment and society at the

same time. But, as the process of urbanization quickens, green spaces in cities are being encroached

upon more and more. Besides, the ecological quality of cities is becoming worse than previous.

Also, as people's desire for a better living grows, urban green areas are required to better serve

local inhabitants' leisure and cultural demands. One of the biggest issues in urban planning is

enhancing the multipurpose of urban green spaces (Li et al., 2022). UGSs can, with the right

planning, play a significant role in reducing environmental problems, in guaranteeing socio-

environmentally sustainable urban expansion, and in delivering a variety of distinct health

advantages (Veen et al., 2020).

Extremely high resolution remotely sensed imagery is a useful source of information for planning

and studying the urban environment. The amount of an area that is covered by tree crowns as

viewed from above (known as urban tree cover), displays the extent and variety of the resource

throughout a city. Urban remote sensing has become increasingly well-liked as a result of

advancements in data technology and the larger field of earth observation. An accurate and

thorough evaluation of the composition and advantages offered by urban forests can be obtained

with relatively little difficulty and inexpensively through the use of remote sensing canopy

assessment (Shekhar & Aryal, 2019).

Without having a direct connection to the object or place, remote sensing allows for the

information gathering of things or areas at the Earth's surface. Every object in nature has a distinct

distribution of radiation that is reflected, emitted, and absorbed, and these spectral features can be

used to identify one object from another or to learn more about its size, shape, and other physical

and chemical characteristics. The presence of mixed pixels, the expense, and the difficulty of

gathering high-quality training data make remote sensing of mapping UGS difficult. In order to

quantify population growth, area expansion, and land use changes in Khulna City, this study

proposes a mapping approach of UGS that combines the use of satellite photos with ground survey

data.

Objectives:

• To map spatial and temporal dynamics of UGSs in Khulna city for 35 years from 1988.

• To evaluate Khulna city as a green city based on the international characteristics of a green

city.

• Supervision