Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Heavy Metal in Tidal River and Associated Risk Assessment

After Dhaka and Chittagong, the city of Khulna is the nation's third-largest industrial region. As a result, the city has been increasingly vulnerable to environmental degradation in recent decades. A significant number of fish processing industry, cement industry, oil refinery, brick kiln, dockyards, shipyards, food processing industries and factories are situated along the banks of this river which produce huge volumes of effluents that contain a wide array of toxic metals. The river is continuously being contaminated by the discharge of untreated industrial wastes and effluents combined with municipal and household wastes and wastewaters. The Rupsha River is crucial to household and agricultural operations. Additionally, drinking and domestic uses are made of river water in the meantime. A substantial population relies on the river for catching fish. However, heavy metal contaminants are constantly degrading the river's water quality, which puts the area around it at serious ecological and health risks. Taking into account all of these factors, a study on the Rupsha River was carried out to identify hazardous metal contamination in water that poses threats to human health and the environment. (Proshad et al., 2019)

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