Hybrid Modes of Governing: The Implications on Resilience of Urban Poor Communities in the context of Climate Change.

The research aims to identify the vulnerabilities of the urban poor communities focusing on both climatic and non-climatic issues, process of the formation of a new governance system within the community and the outcome of this new governance system in resilience. Rapid growth of urban population causing a huge increase in demand for basic community services, where the traditional public sector is failing to respond to the increased demand for service. It is expected that the private sector, with its dynamism and flexibility, may fill in the service delivery gaps by forming partnership with the public sector. Good urban governance demands attention to several key indicators, such as participation, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, authority, rule of law, decentralization, coordination, efficiency, and leadership. The degree and quality of participation depend on the charisma and commitment of the leadership as well as on the legal mandates of the municipality. There is serious problem of coordination among such agencies resulting in wastage of resources and time, and ultimately causing sufferings to the people. Civil society organizations, which include NGOs, CBOs, and professional groups, among others, have significant roles to play in urban development and governance. By the help of NGOs slum-governance system becomes powerful to negotiate and bargain with government. Public-private partnerships (PPP) have been advanced as a new tool of global governance, which can supply both effective and legitimate governance. Building resilience require a long-term approach which equips all urban residents, including those in informal settlements, with the capacity to prepare for and adapt to climate change, not just physically but also socially, politically, and economically. Many aspects of adaptation are implemented not only through what urban governments do and control but also what they encourage, allow and support among other stakeholders. Public engagement, openness, and transparency can help ensure democratic debate to balance public interests and longer-term goals against the short-term benefits of unconstrained development. Interviews and FGDs are done here to explore the causes and level of vulnerabilities poor people face, their engagement in different individual or community driven activities, relationship among different CDC leaders, NGOs and governing bodies and finally analyse the access to services and resilience of the poor communities through achieving hybridity in the service delivery systems. 

• Supervision