Dietary Effect of Spice (Coriandrum sativum) on Growth and Immune Responses of Prawn (Machrobrachium rosenbergii) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristics of Coriandrum sativum make it potential for therapeutic applications. The bioactive components of coriander, such as flavonoids and linalool, may suppress the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. This study examined the impact of Coriander ethanolic extract (CEE) on the immune systems, antioxidant activities, and growth rates of giant freshwater prawns. Prior to selecting CEE as a dietary supplement, a comprehensive assessment of 24 spices with 4 solvents was performed, revealing that CEE demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus while exhibiting minimal cytotoxic effects on Artemia sp. Nine fiberglass tanks were filled with 135 juvenile prawns, each weighing 2 ± 0.25 g, with 15 prawns per tank. A diet devoid of CEE was given to the prawns, constituted the control group (C). The other groups were given the basic diet with CEE1 and CEE2, at doses of 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively with triplicates of each experimental group. The prawns were fed at a rate of 5% of their live body weight for a duration of four weeks. At the end of the four-week trial, 10 prawns were measured from each tank to measure the growth. Prawns treated with the dietary extract (CEE2) showed better growth performance (WG, SGR), as well as better feed utilization efficiency, reflected in lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control and CEE1 group. Additionally, the treated prawns (with CEE2) exhibited enhanced immunological responses, with increased total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, respiratory burst activity, prophenol oxidase activity, superoxide anion activity, and reduced haemolymph clotting time compared to other groups. Therefore, this study highlights the efficacy of CEE in sustainable aquaculture, providing a natural solution to improve production and health in aquatic organisms.

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